/*
 *  Port of Snowball stemmers on C#
 *  Original stemmers can be found on http://snowball.tartarus.org
 *  Licence still BSD: http://snowball.tartarus.org/license.php
 *  
 *  Most of stemmers are ported from Java by Iveonik Systems ltd. (www.iveonik.com)
 *  
 *  German stemmer's port found on SourceForge site
 */
using System;
using System.Threading;
using ZeroLevel.Services.Semantic;

namespace Iveonik.Stemmers
{
    public class GermanStemmer: ILexer
    {
        private char[] word_buffer;
        private int STR_SIZE, R1, R2;
        private int BUFFER_SIZE;
        private const int INC = 20; // I found out this is optimal word string size

        public GermanStemmer()
        {
            SetInitState();
        }

        private void SetInitState()
        {
            R1 = R2 = -1; STR_SIZE = 0;
            BUFFER_SIZE = INC;
            word_buffer = null;
            word_buffer = new char[BUFFER_SIZE];
        }

        private void Increment()
        {
            char[] tmp_buffer = word_buffer;
            BUFFER_SIZE += INC;
            word_buffer = new char[BUFFER_SIZE];
            tmp_buffer.CopyTo(word_buffer, 0);
            tmp_buffer = null;
        }

        // is char vowel
        /*
         * The following letters are vowels: 
         *		a   e   i   o   u   y   ä   ö   ü 
         */
        private bool vowel(char ch)
        {
            switch (ch)
            {
                case 'a':
                case 'e':
                case 'i':
                case 'o':
                case 'u':
                case 'y':
                case 'ä':
                case 'ö':
                case 'ü': return true;
                default: return false;
            }
        }

        // R1 and R2 set up in the standard way
        private int DefineR(int start)
        {
            int len = STR_SIZE;
            if (start == 0)
                start = 1;
            if ((start < len) && (start > 0))
            {
                for (int i = start; i < len; ++i)
                {
                    if ((!vowel(word_buffer[i])) && vowel(word_buffer[(i - 1)]))
                        return ((i - start) + start + 1);
                }
            }
            return -1;
        }

        private void SetWord(string strWord)
        {
            // First, replace ß by ss
            string tmp = strWord.Replace("ß", "ss");
            // adjust buffer size
            while (tmp.Length > BUFFER_SIZE)
                Increment();
            STR_SIZE = tmp.Length;
            // fill in to buffer
            tmp.CopyTo(0, word_buffer, 0, STR_SIZE);
        }

        private void CutEnd(int count) { STR_SIZE -= count; }

        private bool EndsWith(string end)
        {
            if (STR_SIZE > end.Length)
            {
                int stop = STR_SIZE - end.Length - 1;
                int j = end.Length - 1;
                for (int i = (STR_SIZE - 1); i > stop; --i)
                {
                    if (word_buffer[i] != end[j])
                        return false;
                    --j;
                }
                return true;
            }
            return false;
        }

        private void preprocess()
        {
            // put u and y between vowels into upper case
            for (int i = 1; i < STR_SIZE; ++i)
            {
                if (word_buffer[i] == 'u')
                {
                    if (vowel(word_buffer[(i - 1)]) && vowel(word_buffer[(i + 1)]))
                        word_buffer[i] = 'U';
                }
                else if (word_buffer[i] == 'y')
                {
                    if (vowel(word_buffer[(i - 1)]) && vowel(word_buffer[(i + 1)]))
                        word_buffer[i] = 'Y';
                }
            }
            /*
             * R1 and R2 are first set up in the standard way,
             * but then R1 is adjusted 
             * so that the region before it contains at least 3 letters
             */
            R1 = DefineR(0);
            R2 = DefineR(R1);
            if ((R1 < 3) && (R1 > -1))
                R1 = 3;
        }

        /*
         * Search for the longest among the following suffixes, 
         *		(a) e   em   en   ern   er   es
         *		(b) s (preceded by a valid s-ending) 
         * and delete if in R1.
         * (Of course the letter of the valid s-ending is not necessarily in R1) 
         * 
         * (For example, äckern -> äck, ackers -> acker, armes -> arm) 
         */
        private void Step1()
        {
            if (R1 < 0)
                return;
            // e   em   en   ern   er   es
            if (EndsWith("ern"))
            {
                if ((STR_SIZE - R1) >= 3)
                    CutEnd(3);
            }
            else if (EndsWith("em") || EndsWith("en") || EndsWith("er") || EndsWith("es"))
            {
                if ((STR_SIZE - R1) >= 2)
                    CutEnd(2);
            }
            else if (EndsWith("e"))
            {
                if ((STR_SIZE - R1) >= 1)
                    CutEnd(1);
            }
            // b, d, f, g, h, k, l, m, n, r or t
            else if (EndsWith("bs") || EndsWith("ds") || EndsWith("fs") ||
                EndsWith("gs") || EndsWith("hs") || EndsWith("ks") ||
                EndsWith("ls") || EndsWith("ms") || EndsWith("ns") ||
                EndsWith("rs") || EndsWith("ts"))
            {
                if ((STR_SIZE - R1) >= 1)
                    CutEnd(1);
            }
        }

        /*
         * Search for the longest among the following suffixes, 
         *		(a) en   er   est
         *		(b) st (preceded by a valid st-ending, itself preceded by at least 3 letters) 
         * and delete if in R1. 
         * 
         * (For example, derbsten -> derbst by step 1, and derbst -> derb by step 2, since b is a valid st-ending, and is preceded by just 3 letters)
         */
        private void Step2()
        {
            if (R1 < 0)
                return;
            // en   er   est
            if (EndsWith("est"))
            {
                if ((STR_SIZE - R1) >= 3)
                    CutEnd(3);
            }
            else if (EndsWith("en") || EndsWith("er"))
            {
                if ((STR_SIZE - R1) >= 2)
                    CutEnd(2);
            }
            // b, d, f, g, h, k, l, m, n or t
            else if (EndsWith("bst") || EndsWith("dst") || EndsWith("fst") ||
                EndsWith("gst") || EndsWith("hst") || EndsWith("kst") ||
                EndsWith("lst") || EndsWith("mst") || EndsWith("nst") ||
                EndsWith("tst"))
            {
                // preceded by at least 3 letters
                if (STR_SIZE > 5)
                {
                    if ((STR_SIZE - R1) >= 2)
                        CutEnd(2);
                }
            }
        }

        private void Step3()
        {
            if ((R2 < 0) || (R1 < 0))
                return;
            /*
             * Search for the longest among the following suffixes, 
             * and perform the action indicated. 
             *		end   ung 
             * delete if in R2 
             * if preceded by ig, delete if in R2 and not preceded by e 
             */
            if (EndsWith("end") || EndsWith("ung"))
            {
                if ((STR_SIZE - R2) >= 3)
                    CutEnd(3);
                if (EndsWith("ig") && (word_buffer[(STR_SIZE - 3)] != 'e'))
                {
                    if ((STR_SIZE - R2) >= 2)
                        CutEnd(2);
                }
            }
            /*
             * ig   ik   isch 
             *		delete if in R2 and not preceded by e 
             */
            else if ((EndsWith("ig") || EndsWith("ik")) && (word_buffer[(STR_SIZE - 3)] != 'e'))
            {
                if ((STR_SIZE - R2) >= 2)
                    CutEnd(2);
            }
            else if (EndsWith("isch") && (word_buffer[(STR_SIZE - 5)] != 'e'))
            {
                if ((STR_SIZE - R2) >= 4)
                    CutEnd(4);
            }
            /*
             * lich   heit 
             * delete if in R2 
             * if preceded by er or en, delete if in R1 
             */
            else if (EndsWith("lich") || EndsWith("heit"))
            {
                CutEnd(4);
                // if preceded by er or en, delete if in R1
                if (EndsWith("en") || EndsWith("er"))
                {
                    if ((STR_SIZE - R1) >= 2)
                        CutEnd(2);
                    else
                        STR_SIZE += 4;
                }
                else
                {
                    STR_SIZE += 4;
                    if ((STR_SIZE - R2) >= 4)
                        CutEnd(4);
                }
            }
            /*
             * keit 
             * delete if in R2 
             * if preceded by lich or ig, delete if in R2 
             */
            else if (EndsWith("keit"))
            {
                if ((STR_SIZE - R2) >= 4)
                    CutEnd(4);
                // if preceded by lich or ig, delete if in R2 
                if (EndsWith("ig"))
                {
                    if ((STR_SIZE - R2) >= 2)
                        CutEnd(2);
                }
                else if (EndsWith("lich"))
                {
                    if ((STR_SIZE - R2) >= 4)
                        CutEnd(4);
                }
            }
        }

        // Turn U and Y back into lower case,
        // and remove the umlaut accent from a, o and u.
        private void Finally()
        {
            for (int i = 0; i < STR_SIZE; ++i)
            {
                switch (word_buffer[i])
                {
                    case 'ä':
                        word_buffer[i] = 'a'; break;
                    case 'U':
                        word_buffer[i] = 'u'; break;
                    case 'ü':
                        word_buffer[i] = 'u'; break;
                    case 'Y':
                        word_buffer[i] = 'y'; break;
                    case 'ö':
                        word_buffer[i] = 'o'; break;
                    default: break;
                }
            }
        }

        private string Stem()
        {
            preprocess();
            Step1();
            Step2();
            Step3();
            Finally();
            // return stemed word
            return new string(word_buffer, 0, STR_SIZE);
        }

        int counter = 0;

        public string Lex(string word)
        {
            if (counter > 0)
                throw new Exception("German stemmer is not reenterable. Create new instance");
            Interlocked.Increment(ref counter);
            try
            {
                Word = word.ToLowerInvariant();
                return Stem();
            }
            finally
            {
                Interlocked.Decrement(ref counter);
            }
        }

        private string Word
        {
            get
            {
                return new string(word_buffer, 0, STR_SIZE);
            }
            set
            {
                SetInitState();
                SetWord(value);
            }
        }
    }
}